Posts filed under ‘Hepatitis A’
Revisiones – Diagnóstico microbiológico de las hepatitis virales
Enf Infecc & Microbiol. Clínica Noviembre 2015 V.33 N.9 e53-e62
Roberto Alonso, Antonio Aguilera, Juan Córdoba, Antonio Fuertes
a Servicio de Microbiología y Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, España
b Servicio de Microbiología, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela, España
c Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, Valencia, España
d LABCO QualityDiagnostics, Madrid, España
La inflamación hepática o hepatitis tiene causas diversas, tanto infecciosas como no infecciosas. Entre las primeras, cabe destacar la etiología viral que es la causa de, al menos, la mitad de todas las hepatitis en el mundo.
Se han descrito distintos virus con tropismo primario por el tejido hepático. Estos microorganismos se han ido nombrando sucesivamente con las letras del abecedario: A, B, C, D, E y G.
El objetivo de este artículo es revisar este grupo heterogéneo de virus en sus aspectos más básicos, sus implicaciones clínicas, su tratamiento, las principales medidas preventivas frente a estas infecciones y, con especial interés, las aproximaciones diagnósticas, tanto serológicas como moleculares, que se utilizan para su detección, cuantificación y caracterización
Fever of unknown origin in returning travellers.
Int Marit Health. 2015;66(2):77-83.
Korzeniewski K1, Gaweł B, Krankowska D, Wasilczuk K.
Author information
1Department of Epidemiology and Tropical Medicine in Gdynia, Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland. kktropmed@wp.pl.
Abstract
The aim of the article is to discuss issues associated with the occurrence of febrile illnesses in leisure and business travellers, with a particular emphasis on fevers of unknown origin (FUO).
FUO, apart from diarrhoeas, respiratory tract infections and skin lesions, are one of the most common health problems in travellers to tropical and subtropical countries.
FUO are manifestations of various diseases, typically of infectious or invasive aetiology.
In one out of 3 cases, the cause of a fever in travellers returning from the hot climate zone is malaria, and therefore diagnostic tests should first aim at ruling out this specific disease entity.
Other illnesses with persistent fever include dengue, enteric fever, viral hepatitis A, bacterial diarrhoeas and rickettsioses.
Fever may also occur in travellers suffering from diseases of non-tropical origin, e.g. cosmopolitan respiratory tract or urinary tract infections, also, fever may coexist with other illnesses or injuries (skin rashes, bites, burns).
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Evaluation of Hepatitis A Vaccine in Post-Exposure Prophylaxis, The Netherlands, 2004-2012
PLOS ONE October 2013 V.8 N.10 e78914
Jane Whelan1*, Gerard J. Sonder1,2, Lian Bovée1, Arjen Speksnijder3, Anneke van den Hoek1,21 Department of Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam Public Health Service (GGD), Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 2 Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Tropical Medicine and AIDS, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 3 Laboratory of Public Health, Amsterdam Public Health Service (GGD) Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Background
The secondary attack rate of hepatitis A virus (HAV) among contacts of cases is up to 50%. Historically, contacts were offered immunoglobulin (IG, a human derived blood product) as post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP). Amid safety concerns about IG, HAV vaccine is increasingly recommended instead. Public health authorities’ recommendations differ, particularly for healthy contacts ≥40 years old, where vaccine efficacy data is limited. We evaluated routine use of HAV vaccine as an alternative to immunoglobulin in PEP, in those considered at low risk of severe infection in the Netherlands
Methods
Household contacts of acute HAV cases notified in Amsterdam (2004-2012) were invited ≤14 days post-exposure, for baseline anti-HAV testing and PEP according to national guidelines: immunoglobulin if at risk of severe infection, or hepatitis A vaccine if healthy and at low risk (aged <30, or, 30-50 years and vaccinated <8 days post-exposure). Incidence of laboratory confirmed secondary infection in susceptible contacts was assessed 4-8 weeks post-exposure. In a vaccinated subgroup, relative risk (RR) of secondary infection with estimated using Poisson regression.
Results
Of 547 contacts identified, 191 were susceptible to HAV. Per-protocol, 167 (87%) were vaccinated (mean:6.7 days post-exposure, standard deviation(sd)=3.3) and 24 (13%) were given immunoglobulin (mean:9.7 days post-exposure, sd=2.8). At follow-up testing, 8/112 (7%) had a laboratory confirmed infection of whom 7 were symptomatic. All secondary infections occurred in vaccinated contacts, and half were >40 years of age. In healthy contacts vaccinated per-protocol ≤8 days post-exposure, RRref. ≤15 years of secondary infection in those >40 years was 12.0 (95%CI:1.3-106.7).
Conclusions
Timely administration of HAV vaccine in PEP was feasible and the secondary attack rate was low in those <40 years. Internationally, upper age-limits for post-exposure vaccination vary. Pending larger studies, immunoglobulin should be considered PEP of choice in people >40 years of age and those vulnerable to severe disease.
Full Text
http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0078914
1er Consenso de Diagnóstico, Tratamiento y Prevención de las ITS – NOV 2011
Organizado por la Comisión de SIDA e ITS de la Sociedad Argentina de Infectología (SADI)
INDICE:
Chanco blando
Herpes genital
Herpes genital y Embarazo
Granuloma inguinal ó Donovanosis
Linfogranuloma Venéreo (LGV)
Sífilis adquirida
Uretritis, Proctitis y Proctocolitis
Uretritis gonocóccica
Gonococcia faríngea y Rectal
Uretritis No Gonocóccica (UNG)
Chlamydia trachomatis (serovar D al K)
Trichomonas vaginalis
Mycoplasma genitalium
Uretritis No Gonocóccica Persistente y Recurrente
Proctitis
Proctocolitis
Vaginosis bacteriana
Vaginitis – Tricomoniasis
Candidiasis Vulvo-Vaginal (CVV)
Cervicitis
Enfermedad Pelviana Inflamatoria (EPI)
Hepatitis A
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis C
Virus del Papiloma Humano (HPV)
Infecciones de Transmisión Sexual (ITS) en el Embarazo:
Sifilis
Infecciones por Chlamydia y Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Herpes genital
Trichomonas vaginalis
Hepatitis B y C
HPV
LGV y Chancro blando
Sífilis congénita
Oftalmía del RN
HSV
HBV
HPV
ABUSO SEXUAL ó VIOLACION en ADULTOS
ABUSO SEXUAL en NIÑOS
http://www.sadi.org.ar/files/Consenso_ETS_SADI(1).pdf
2011 RECOMENDACIONES para Seguimiento y Tratamiento de ITS – SADI
INDICE
SIFILIS
SIFILIS CONGENITA
HERPES SIMPLE VIRUS
LINFOGRANULOMA VENEREO
CHANCRO BLANDO
GRANULOMA INGUINAL
URETRITIS y CERVICITIS GONOCOCCICAS y NO GONOCOCCICAS
EPIDIDIMITIS y ORQUITIS
PROCTITIS, PROCTOCOLITIS y ENTERITIS
ITS Asociadas con Flujo Vaginal
HPV
HEPATITIS B, C y A
ABUSO SEXUAL en NIÑOS y ADULTOS
http://www.sadi.org.ar/files/Recomendaciones_ETS-SADI_2010.pdf
2011 Infecciones de Transmisión Sexual – ITS Recomendaciones de la SADI 142 pags.
Comisión de SIDA y ETS de la Sociedad Argentina de Infectología (SADI)
INDICE:
– Sifilis
– Sifilis congénita
– Herpes Simplex Virus
– Linfogranuloma Venéreo
– Chancro blando
– Granuloma inguinal
– Uretritis y Cervicitis Gonocóccicas y No Gonocóccicas
– Epididimits y Orquitis
– Proctitis, Proctocolitis y Enteritis
– ETS Asociadas con Flujo Vaginal
– Enfermedad Pelviana Inflamatoria (EPI)
– HPV
– Hepatitis B, C y A
– Abuso Sexual en Niños
– Abuso Sexual en Adultos
http://www.sadi.org.ar/files/Recomendaciones_ETS-SADI_2010.pdf
